Standard narrow band type Oxygen Sensors operate between 0 and 1 volts, and are only capable of accurately measuring a stoichiometric air/fuel ratio (e.g. 14.7:1). A richer or leaner condition results in an abrupt voltage change and is only useful for qualitative determination.
The Lambda sensor consists of two cells. It is made up of a Nernst type potentiometric oxygen concentration cell and an amperometric oxygen pump cell.
